Choose from 500 different sets of the iliad book 16 flashcards on quizlet. In greek mythology, patroclus, or patroklos ancient greek. Achilles gives him permission to enter the battle leading the. In the iliad, the overwhelming majority of apostrophes are addressed to patroclus 8 times, all of them in book 16 and menelaus 7 times. Fighting for the body, patroclus charges the trojans force.
Murray 1 but when the trojans in their flight had passed over the palisade and the trench, and many had been vanquished beneath the hands of the danaans, then beside their chariots they stayed, and were halted, pale with fear, terrorstricken. Patroklos glory of the father, was the son of menoetius, grandson of actor, king of opus, and was achilles beloved cousin. Patroclus returns to achilles camp, crying with pity for the achaean losses. Then patroclus drew near to achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some spring whose crystal stream falls over the ledges of a high precipice. I will stay here by the beached ships, but i am sending my friend with a host of myrmidons to war. Achilles and patroclus met again in the lower world, 20 or, according to others, they continued after their death to live together in the island of leuce.
Much like a historical present, they take the listener into the hereandnow of the scene, creating a sense of greater proximity with the character being thus addressed. Set during the trojan war, the tenyear siege of the city of troy ilium by a coalition of greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the. Like a girl, a baby running after her mother, begging to be picked up, and she tugs her skirts, holding her back as she tries to hurry off all tears, fawning up at her she takes her in her arms. This is written from patroclus point of view and is his confrontation with achilles up to his death. In the iliad, patroclus is a close friend and confidant of achilles, who leads the greeks in war against the trojans. Meanwhile, patroclus goes to achilles tent and begs to be allowed to wear achilles armor if achilles still refuses to rejoin the battle himself. Two new translations currently available in the kindle store, one by ian johnston 2006 and the other by barry p. Achilles is moved at the discomfiture of the greeks. Then he let patroclus don his own armour and join the battle, with his myrmidons. So i have come to clasp your knees, and ask you to give my son, who is. Even like her, patroclus, dost thou let fall round tears. Divine pelides, with compassion movd, thus spoke, indulgent to his best belovd. A reading of homers iliad, book 1, in ancient greek. The god apollo sides with the trojans, like zeus, and steps in to stop patroclus, who is wounded.
Achilles declines to fight but agrees to the exchange of armor, with the understanding that patroclus will fight only long enough to save the ships. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of the iliad and what it means. In fact, one rarely sees patroklos as an individual. Read book 16 death of patroclus of the iliad by homer. Martin from stanford university 3 hours book 1 start. This is the first of many, many scenes like it in the iliad. He was the son of menoetius, the son of actor, king of opus. The sixth battle, the acts and death of patroclus, the iliad, lit2go edition, 1899, accessed april 28, 2020. He leaps between the decks of the beached ships, using a massive pike to hold back the trojan forces almost singlehandedly. But patroclus followed after, calling fiercely to the danaans, with purpose of evil toward the trojans, while they with. Zeuss speech makes it clear to the reader that a predestined. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Litcharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in the iliad, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Not only that patroclus is made to wear achilles, armour and helmet. The iliad of homer popebook 16 wikisource, the free online library. For a full discussion of the ancient greek cultural institution of guest friendship or xenia. This description of ajaxs incredible defense makes for one of the iliad s most memorable images. Patroclus would indeed drive the enemy from the ships, ending their.
So warrd both armies on th ensanguind shore, while the black vessels smoakd with human gore. Murray 1 thus then they were warring around the wellbenched ship, but patroclus drew nigh to achilles, shepherd of the host, shedding hot tears, even as a fountain of dark water that down over the face of a beetling cliff poureth its dusky stream. He watches the greek vessels, being burnt by the trojans. When he lends patroclus his armor and his horses, achilles tells him to only drive the trojans away from the ships and then come back.
Patroclus tells achilles of all the wounded greek warriors and curses achilles for his stubbornness. This is a crucial book and a turning point because in it zeus sits idly by knowing his son sarpedon will be killed, and achilles friend patroclus is also killed. The iliad book 16 death of patroclus american literature. He, therefore persuades patroclus to join the war along with myrmidous. Summary and analysis of book 16 of homers iliad, with a focus on patroclus pride, lust for glory, and death.
All day they fought by the scaean gate, and would have sacked the city, if apollo had not caused the death of brave patroclus at the height of his success, and granted the final act to hector. First, the priest chryses comes to ask their leader, king agamemnon, to release his daughter, whom agamemnon was holding captive. At the end of book 16, hector kills patroclus, fulfilling zeus prophecy. Revisiting the apostrophes to patroclus in iliad 16 chs. This book is a turning point in the drift of the war.
This description of ajaxs incredible defense makes for one of the iliads most memorable images. Click to copy in book 16 of the iliad, how do achilless instructions to patroclus relate to the themes of pride and humanity. Throughout the iliad, gods and goddesses intervene in the action, and this scene is no exception. The poem is commonly dated to the 8th or 7th century bc, and many scholars believe it is the oldest extant work of literature in the greek language, making it the first work of european literature. Even though patroklos is an important character in the iliad, homer gives little attention to him until the ninth book, and even then, the focus is not on patroklos himself, but on his relationship to achilles. Character profile for patroclus from the iliad page 1. Achilles tells him he has no reason to grieve, saying that agamemnon s men are repaid for their offenses.
The death of patroclus in the iliad full free lesson. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Learn the iliad book 16 with free interactive flashcards. In the tenth year of the trojan war, tensions are running high among the achaians a superancient name for the ancient greeks. Thoughout the whole book, zeus outlines the rest of the iliad and beyond, predicting even the eventual fall of troy, which occurs after the end of the poem. This is an adaptationrewriting of the iliad book 16, inspired by scenes from silence of the girls pat barker and ransom david malouf. The iliad of homer popebook 16 wikisource, the free. Achilles lets priam have hectors body back, and he is burned on a pyre after the iliad. Homer, iliad book 16 theoi classical texts library.
Apollo covers over the trench in front of the greek fortifications, allowing the trojans to beat down the ramparts once again. He agrees to it, hut at the same time charges him to content himself with rescuing the. Patroclus kills hectors chariot driver, and hector and patroclus fight over the corpse. Patroclus in pursuance of the request of nestor in the eleventh book entreats achilles to suffer him to go to the assistance of the greeks with achilles troops and armour. Hast thou haply somewhat to declare to the myrmidons or to mine own self, or is it some tidings out of phthia.
In greek mythology, as recorded in homers iliad, patroclus p. Zeus knows that the death of patroclus will force achilles to fight for the greeks achaeansdanaansargives. He says he is crying for the wounded greeks, including diomedes, odysseus, agamemnon, and eurypylus. Homer, iliad book 15 theoi classical texts library.
Let greece at length with pity touch thy breast, thyself a greek. Note that the line numbers in square brackets refer to the greek text. Book xvi of a new complete english translation with hyperlinked index. Achilles kills hector and drags his body back to the greek camp book 23. Patroclus, best friend of achilles, remembers the advice of nestor and begs the great warrior to join the fighting and, if not, then allow him to lead the fearsome myrmidons wearing achilles armour. The plan finally is that patroclus will wear achilles armor in battle so that the trojans think that achilles has returned. Achilles fights with the river scamander and encounters hector in front of the trojan gates book 22. Iliad book 1 ancient greek by david chamberlain, homer. Not faster, trickling to the plains below, from the tall rock the sable waters flow. Hector taunts the fallen man, but with his dying words patroclus foretells hectors own death. Homer describes the heroic deeds of patroclus in book xviof the iliad, which is named patrokleia. So they fought to the death around that benched beaked ship as patroclus reached achilles.
Lord demonstrates likeness between the tragedies of the greek patroclus, in the iliad, and of the sumerian enkidu, in the epic of gilgamesh, and refutes. Set during the final weeks of the trojan war, book xvi of the iliad, the classic greek epic poem by homer, relates the events leading up to the fall of troy. There is no dramatic character development, but one does see patroklos as a character perpetrates dramatic events and provides a. Achilles and patroclus are so emotionally close that patroclus. That should keep patroclus safe if he holds back from the worst of the battle. Patroclus approaches achilles in tears and achilles asks him why he is.